Information security and its place in the national security system of the Russian Federation
Information, being a product of activity, acts as the property of the state, enterprises, institutions, organizations, citizens and as an object of property requires protection. However, the problem of information protection is not limited only to protecting the rights of its owners, but also contains such an important aspect as protecting the rights of citizens to free access to information guaranteed by the Constitution. The fundamentals of information protection are developed by public authorities based on the conditions for ensuring information security in particular and the national security of Russia as a whole.
A necessary condition for the normal existence and development of each society is protection from external and internal threats, resistance to attempts of external pressure, the ability to both fend off such attempts and neutralize emerging threats, and to ensure such internal and external conditions of existence of the country that guarantee the possibility of stable and comprehensive progress of society and its citizens. The concept of national security is used to characterize this state.
National security is understood as the state of protection of vital national interests from internal and external threats, which ensures the realization of the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens of the Russian Federation, decent quality and standard of living, sovereignty, independence, state and territorial integrity, sustainable socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. National security includes the defense of the country and all types of security provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the Russian Federation, primarily state, public, information, environmental, economic, transport, energy security, and personal security.
Therefore, in the content of the concept of "national security", various structural elements (components) can be distinguished, one of which is Information security.
Information security of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - information security) is the state of protection of the individual, society and the state from internal and external information threats, which ensures the realization of constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen, decent quality and standard of living of citizens, sovereignty, territorial integrity and sustainable socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, defense and security states.
Since in the conditions of informatization of the country, the development of information technologies, information resources are formed in all spheres of activity, and primarily in political, military, economic, scientific and technical, information security should be considered as a comprehensive indicator of national security.
This determines its important place and one of the leading roles in the national security system of the country in modern conditions.
Information security is provided within the framework of ensuring national security.
National security is achieved through the implementation of a unified state policy in the field of security, a system of economic, political and other measures adequate to threats to the vital interests of the individual, society and the state.
Russia's national security policy is based on the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 683 on December 31, 2015. The National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation is an officially recognized system of strategic priorities, goals and measures in the field of domestic and foreign policy that determine the state of national security and the level of sustainable development states for the long term.
The Strategy is a basic document for planning the development of the national security system of the Russian Federation, which sets out the procedure and measures to ensure national security.
The state of national security directly depends on the degree of implementation of strategic national priorities and the effectiveness of the functioning of the national security system.
Based on the Strategy, the "Information Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation" was developed, put into effect by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 646 dated 05.12.2016.
The doctrine is a system of official views on ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation in the information sphere. The Doctrine defines national interests in the information sphere, introduces the main information threats and the state of information security, formulates strategic goals and main directions for ensuring information security, and describes the organizational foundations for ensuring information security.
The legislative basis for ensuring security is:
The Constitution of the Russian Federation;
laws and other regulatory acts of the Russian Federation regulating relations in the field of security;
constitutions, laws, regulations of the republics;
normative acts of the authorities and management of the territories, regions, adopted within their competence;
international treaties and agreements concluded or recognized by the Russian Federation;
basic laws in the field of information protection, the rights of subjects involved in information processes and informatization;
Federal Law "On Safety" No. 390-FZ dated 12/28/2010;
Federal Law No. 149-FZ dated 07/27/2006 "On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection";
Federal Law No. 182 dated 09/21/93 "On State Secrets";
Federal Law No. 152-FZ dated 07/27/06 "On Personal Data";
Federal Law dated 12/27/91 "On Mass Media";
Federal Law No. 63-FZ dated 04/6.11 "On Electronic Signature";
The Civil Code of the Russian Federation (parts 1, 2. 4);
The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
In addition to legal documents, regulatory and methodological documents are in force in the Russian Federation:
methodological documents of state bodies of Russia: The Doctrine of Information Security of the Russian Federation, the Governing documents of the FSTEC (State Technical Commission of Russia), departmental orders;
information security standards: international standards, State standards of the Russian Federation, recommendations on standardization, methodological guidelines.
In general, the development of the legislative framework in the field of information security goes in four main directions:
the protection of information constituting a state secret;
protection of confidential information;
copyright protection in the field of informatization;
protection of the right of access to information.
The national security system of the Russian Federation is formed by:
legislative, executive and judicial authorities;
state, public and other organizations and associations;
citizens who participate in ensuring security in accordance with the law;
legislation regulating relations in the field of security.
The security forces include:
Armed Forces (Armed Forces of the Russian Federation);
federal security agencies (FSB of the Russian Federation);
internal affairs bodies (Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation);
Foreign intelligence agencies (SVR of the Russian Federation);
security agencies of legislative, executive, judicial authorities and their senior officials;
the tax service;
emergency Response Services (Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation);
civil defense formations;
Border troops;
Internal troops;
bodies that ensure the safe conduct of work in industry, energy, transport and agriculture;
customs, environmental protection authorities, public health authorities and other state security agencies.
The Presidential Security Council of the Russian Federation has been established to consider issues of Russia's domestic and foreign policy in the field of security, stability and law and order. He is responsible for the state of protection of national interests from external and internal threats.
The Security Council of the Russian Federation, in accordance with the main tasks of its activities, forms permanent interdepartmental commissions, which can be created on a functional or regional basis. In particular, the Interdepartmental Commission for the Protection of State Secrets develops and coordinates federal programs for the protection of information constituting a state secret.
Information security is provided within the framework of ensuring the national security of Russia. It provides for the existence of a State information protection system and legislation in this area.
