The essence of e-government, methods and principles of its organization
The issue of e-government is very relevant.
Most countries have long recognized the advantages of e-government and have implemented or are implementing it en masse in their countries.
Nevertheless, it should be noted that lively discussions continue to take place regarding the very concept of "electronic government" (e-government). So, some researchers believe that the e-government is a government that has its own electronic portal, others that it is a government that actively interacts with citizens via the Internet, others consider the entire field of electronic services provided by the state and its relevant authorities to its citizens under the e-government.
In particular, Russian researcher M. Vershinin defines e-government as a system of interactive interaction between the state and citizens via the Internet, a new model of public administration that rebuilds the traditional relationship between citizens and government structures.
In contrast, A. Koshkin considers e-government to be a network information and communication infrastructure that supports the process of executive authorities performing their functions in society.
According to the general opinion, e-government is not just a system of providing services (including relevant information) to citizens by the state and its bodies on the basis of their active interaction with the help of modern information and communication technologies, but also, above all, the modernization of the public administration process itself in relation to new conditions of social development.
As noted in the OECD project of the same name, the concept of e-government focuses on the use of new information and communication technologies by the government, which are applied to a full range of managerial functions. In particular, the programmatic potential that is embedded in the Internet and related technologies can become a potential for structuring government operations.
The starting point of the e-government project is the conviction that e-government is potentially the main source of adaptation of best management practices.
The criteria for creating an e-government should meet the management priorities of the 21st century, which are inherent in: - legitimacy; - the role of laws; - transparency, responsibility and honesty The latter aspect is becoming increasingly important today, so let's focus a little on its disclosure. Transparency contributes to effective governance through an open decision-making process based on public discussion and the level of control of citizens according to reports from management (government) institutions. Effective government requires ethical behavior and a vigorous fight against corruption. Honesty is a prerequisite for developing an effective government that is trustworthy. Effective government institutions are accountable to their citizens. Responsibility provides for accountability and reverse mechanisms:
effectiveness;
consistency;
adaptation;
partnership and consultations.
The methodology of e-government formation is determined by its breadth and diversity. Its analysis can be focused on the following four main tasks:
1. Prediction, design, responsiveness How can e-government make government more sensitive?
1) Identification of a clear, potential social and appropriate technological context for the implementation of e-government, including an analysis of relevant issues.
2) Identification of principles, strategies, mechanisms, potential mutual compromises and risks of the e-government in order to increase the participation of citizens in political processes.
3) Identification of principles, strategies, mechanisms, potential mutual trade-offs and risks of the e-government to maximize relevant intentions and provision of services.
4) Identification of potential changes regarding the role and legitimacy of public administration and relations with stakeholders as a result of the implementation of e-government.
2. Public Administration reform What reforms will make e-government possible?
5) Identification of potential structural processes and behaviors, cultural governance reforms that make e-government possible, including the potential for effective efficiency.
6) Identify the necessary strategies and mechanisms to assist and support the reform of effective e-government, including areas of management change, managerial and other skills and competent management. 3 Strategic implementation of the e-government: What are the requirements regarding the work of the e-government?
7) Identify effective consistent approaches to governance, coordination and e-government implementation policies, including consideration of centralization/decentralization approaches.
8) Identification of effective investment and financial models for e-government, including consideration of models for coordinating the use of information and communication technologies.
9) Identification of appropriate private/public sector cooperation models for the implementation of e-government.
10) Identification of managerial and other skills necessary for the implementation of e-government and the policy to ensure them. 4 Measurement and evaluation: How to make these measures influential?
11) Assessment of the work program and key indicators (indicators) for the e-government from the angle of government responsibility, the impact of public administration and the implementation of the e-government, including control measurements of progress, quality, benefit and cost (spent funds), efficiency.
